IF CLAUSE (IV)

Future possible

- recommendation, instruction (if + present – imperative)

If you want to meet the guys, don’t be late.

- possible results if a condition is satisfied (if + present – will/can/may)

I will/can/may talk to Louis if I leave earlier today.

Present Unreal

imaginary present situations (if + past – would/could/might)

We would/could/might spend more time together if we lived closer.

Past Unreal

imaginary past situations (if + past perfect – would/could/might have + participle)

If you had been there, I would/could/might have gone crazy.

Zero conditional

general truths or scientific facts (if + present – present)

Plants die if they don't get enough water.

Mixed I

present consequences of a past action (if + past perfect – would/could/might)

We wouldn't be lost if we had looked at the map.

Mixed II

past result of a present situation (if + past – would/could/might have + participle)

If I weren’t in the middle of another meeting, I would have been happy to help you.

A. Match the sentences.

1. If Kennedy had lived,

2. If you leave milk in the sun,

3. American politics would be quite different today

4. If I had saved some money,

5. We would be lying on a beach in Curacao now

6. I have only yogurt for breakfast

  

( ) I could be better off now.

( ) he would be an old man now.

( ) if we had won last week’s lottery.

( ) it turns sour.

( ) if I don’t have a lot of time.

( ) if Ross Perot had become the president in 1992.

 

 

B. Choose the correct alternatives.

1. He would study at that university if he ___ the exam. But he didn’t.

a) passed

b) would have passed

c) had passed

2. Lucky dog! It would have died if they ___ it there.

a) see

b) seen

c) hadn’t seen

3. If we ___ on time, you have to pay a fine.

a) pay

b) don’t pay

c) paid

4. If we___ a good map, we wouldn’t be in the middle of nowhere now.

a) had bought

b) buy

c) bought

5. If I wasn’t afraid of flying, I ___ you in Chicago a long time ago.

a) would visit

b) would have visited

c) should visit

6. If my mother is not at home, I ___ the car with my father.

a) wash

b) would wash

c) had washed

TAG QUESTIONS

 

1. Change to negative. Follow the example.

Example: You eat meat.     You don’t eat meat, do you?

a) Jacob and I will go to work by subway.

b) The engineer could design a powerful machine in three months.

c) Jennifer can answer her e-mails every day.

d) Charles studies English on Saturdays.

e) Your neighbors went to the beach.

f) We need to buy a head of lettuce.

 

2. Choose the correct verbs to fill in the blanks.

• come • be • like • need • study

a) You ________________ to the party next Saturday, won’t you?

b) She ________________ chocolate, doesn’t she?

c) They ________________ at the office, aren’t they?

d) We ________________ to buy stamps, don’t we?

e) He ________________ Spanish last semester, didn’t he?

 

3. Rewrite the sentences below with the appropriate Tag Questions.

a) The computer programmer is angry.

b) Dylan was stuck in a traffic jam.

c) Your brother likes to listen to the news.

d) That pop star spoke only English at the concert.

EXPRESSIONS OF AGREEMENT

We use SO, TOO, EITHER and NEITHER to say that someone or a situation is the same as another.

 

AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENT I like coffee.	person + AUX + TOO John does too.
	SO + AUX + person So does John.

 

NEGATIVE STATEMENT My friend wasn’t at school.	person + AUX (neg) + EITHER The teacher wasn’t either
	NEITHER + AUX + person Neither was the teacher.

 

Express agreement for the following sentences:

a) David didn’t go to the club.            Sheilla ____________________.

b) Helen isn’t a nurse.                         Her husband ______________.

c) I can speak three languages.            __________________ my cousins.

d) I don’t like horror movies.              ____________________ Steve.

e) My sister made a cake.                    My mother _________________.

f) Sam won’t travel in December.       __________________ Patrick.

g) Stella loves pink.                             __________________ Kate.

h) They are at school now.                  My son ____________________.

WORD STRESS

LISTENING PRACTICE

ORAL PRACTICE

WRITTEN PRACTICE

NAMES OF STATE RESIDENTS

Alabama	Alabam(i)an
Alaska	Alaskan
Arizona	Arizon(i)an
Arkansas	Arkansan
California	Californian
Colorado	Colorad(o)an
Connecticut	Connecticuter
Delaware	Delawarean
Florida	Florid(i)an
Georgia	Georgian
Hawaii	Hawaiian
Idaho	Idahoan
Illinois	Illinoisan
Indiana	Indian(i)an, Hoosier
Iowa	Iowan
Kansas	Kansan
Kentucky	Kentuckian
Louisiana	Louisian(i)an
Maine	Mainer
Maryland	Marylander
Massachusetts	Bay Stater
Michigan	Michigander, Michiganian, Michiganite
Minnesota	Minnesotan
Mississippi	Mississippian
Missouri	Missourian
Montana	Montanan
Nebraska	Nebraskan
Nevada	Nevad(i)an
New Hampshire	New Hampshirite
New Jersey	New Jerseyite, New Jerseyan
New Mexico	New Mexican
New York	New Yorker
North Carolina	North Carolinian
North Dakota	North Dakotan
Ohio	Ohioan
Oklahoma	Oklahoman
Oregon	Oregonian
Pennsylvania	Pennsylvanian
Rhode Island	Rhode Islander
South Carolina	South Carolinian
South Dakota	South Dakotan
Tennessee	Tennesse(e)an
Texas	Texan
Utah	Utah(a)n
Vermont	Vermonter
Virginia	Virginian
Washington	Washingtonian
West Virginia	West Virginian
Wisconsin	Wisconsinite
Wyoming	Wyomingite

FIFTY NIFTY STATES SONG